Diabetes Surgery

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes, also known as diabetes, is a disease that causes serious problems due to the insufficiency or deficiency of insulin produced by the pancreas. Diabetes, which is common today, is known as "diabetes melltus" in medicine.

The body constantly needs some glucose (sugar) in the blood. Glucose in the cells is the energy source that provides daily life, insulin carries glucose from the bloodstream to the cells.

The body usually converts all simple sugars into glucose, the sugar that circulates in the blood and is taken up by the cells is glucose, blood sugar means “blood glucose”.

Most cells in the body use lipids (fats), carbohydrates (sugars) and proteins from food as energy sources, but some cells can only take in and use glucose, or sugar, as an energy source. These are brain cells, nerve cells and red blood cells.

What are the Types of Diabetes?

Until recent years, it was known that diabetes was of two types: type 1 and type 2. However, recent studies have also revealed the existence of an intermediate form of diabetes called type 1.5. In addition to these, some sources also reveal a disease called type 3 diabetes, which is caused by diseases such as pancreatitis or surgical interventions. In more explicit terms, if the patient's body does not produce insulin, it is called type 1, and if it does but cannot use it, it is called type 2 diabetes. In the intermediate form, type 1.5 diabetes, insulin production is present, especially at the beginning, but in most patients, insulin stores are depleted, insulin production stops, and at this stage, it turns into type 1 diabetes.

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

The body's energy needs are provided by the basic nutrients in our food, which are carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The most important of these nutrients, which are broken down into their smallest pieces in order to be absorbed, is the sugar called "glucose". Glucose is an important energy source for all organs of the body, especially the brain. Cells use the glucose they need with the help of a hormone secreted by the pancreas gland behind the stomach. If the hormone known as insulin is not produced in the body, the food taken cannot be used as energy.

Diabetes that occurs due to a deficiency of the insulin hormone is called type 1 diabetes. It can be seen at any age and often begins in childhood and adolescence. That is why it is also called juvenile diabetes. In our country, 10 percent of over 4 million diabetics, or approximately 400 thousand, have this type of diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms

• Blurred vision or vision problems
• Fatigue and exhaustion
• Increased feeling of hunger and thirst
• Dehydration (Fluid Loss)
• Weight loss without any obvious cause

How is Type 1 Diabetes Treated?

There is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes!

People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin several times a day when the body does not produce this hormone. They will need to take insulin for the rest of their lives.

If type 1 diabetes is not kept under control, life-threatening conditions can occur. Many people with type 1 diabetes live long and healthy lives. However, good health is possible by keeping blood sugar levels within the limits prescribed by the doctor.

Change in Lifestyle

Exercise is important in type 1 diabetes, but it's not just something as simple as running. It's important to balance insulin dose, energy intake, and any activity, whether at home or outdoors.

If you know the role that carbohydrates, fats and proteins play, you can create a healthy diet at the level your sugar should be, and your dietitian can help you with this.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs in adults. The pancreas produces insulin, but due to insulin resistance, the body cannot use it properly, and it occurs more often in people over the age of 40.

Diabetes is a lifelong disease that prevents the body from using glucose, a type of sugar in the blood.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the metabolism of glucose (metabolized sugar), an important fuel source for the body.

In type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin, the hormone that regulates the transport of sugar into cells, or does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

Type 2 diabetes used to be known as adult diabetes, but today more children are being diagnosed with the disease, which is thought to be due to the increase in childhood obesity.

Main Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

• Increased feeling of thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased feeling of hunger
• Weight gain or weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Wounds that do not heal
• Frequent infections
• Tingling and numbness in hands and feet
• Recurrent fungal infections
• Dark areas appear on the skin, usually in the armpits and neck

Other Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

• Dry mouth
• Fatigue
• Delayed healing of wounds in the body
• Dry and itchy skin
• Frequent infections
• Blurred vision
• Sexual problems
• Numbness or tingling in the hands, feet or around the mouth

Conditions That Lead to Diabetes

The pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which allows glucose from these foods to be converted into energy in the cells. Type 2 diabetics produce insulin but cannot use it properly, doctors call this insulin resistance.

Initially, the pancreas produces more insulin to move glucose into cells, but it cannot keep up and blood sugar levels rise.

It is not known exactly where this comes from, but genetic and environmental factors such as being overweight and a sedentary lifestyle may be among the causes.

Diabetes Risk Factors

Factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes can be listed as follows:

Weight: Being overweight is a major factor in type 2 diabetes, but being overweight is not necessary for type 2. Being overweight or obese can cause insulin resistance, especially if there is excess fat around the middle. Type 2 diabetes affects adults as well as children and adolescents due to obesity.

Metabolic Syndrome: Those with insulin resistance are a group that usually has high blood sugar, excess fat around the waist, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides (the most common type of fat in the blood).

Too Much Glucose Production in the Liver: When blood sugar drops, the liver produces glucose and transmits it, after a meal the blood looks for sugar, usually the liver slows down and stores the glucose for later use, but some people's liver cannot do this and continues to produce sugar.

Family history: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases if it is seen in parents and siblings.

Race: People of certain races, such as blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than whites, although the reason is not clear.

Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as we age, especially after 45. This may be due to people doing less exercise, losing muscle mass, and gaining weight, but type 2 diabetes is also increasing in children, adolescents, and young adults.

Prediyabet: Prediyabet, kan şekeri düzeyinin normalden yüksek olduğu, ancak diyabet sınıfına girmediği bir durumdur, tedavi edilmediği zaman prediyabet, genellikle tip 2 diyabete dönüşür.

Gestational diabetes: If you have gestational diabetes during pregnancy, you are at high risk of developing type 2. If you give birth to a baby weighing more than 4 kilos, you are also at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is accompanied by irregular menstrual periods, excessive hair growth and obesity, are at high risk of diabetes.

Darkening of the skin color under the armpits and neck area: It is generally considered an indicator of insulin resistance.